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Boiling Point: Common Materials and Elements

Boiling points of common materials

Product

Boiling point °C

Boiling point °F

Acetaldehyde CH3CHO

20.8

69.44

Acetic acid anhydride (CH3COO)2O

139

282.2

Acetone

CH3COCH3

56.08

132.944

Acetylene

-84

-119.2

Alcohol – allyl

97.2

206.96

Alcohol - butyl-n

117

242.6

Alcohol - ethyl

(grain, ethanol) C2H5OH

79

174.2

Alcohol - Isobutyl

107.8

226.04

Alcohol - methyl

(methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, wood naphtha, or wood spirits) CH3OH

64.7

148.46

Alcohol – propyl

97.5

207.5

Ammonia

-35.5

-31.9

Aniline

184.1

363.38

Anisole

153.6

308.48

Antimony

1440

2624

Argon

−185.848

-366.53

Astatine

337

638.6

Benzene

(Benzol) C6H6

80.4

176.72

Brake Fluid

205

401

Bromobenzene

156

312.8

Butadiene

(1,2-Butadiene)

10.9

51.62

Butyric acid n

162.5

324.5

Camphor

204

399.2

Carbolic acid (phenol)

182.2

359.96

Carbon Bisulfide

47.8

118.04

Carbon Dioxide CO2 (sublimates)

-78.5

-109.3

Carbon Disulfide CS2

46.2

115.16

Carbon Monoxide

-192

-313.6

Carbon Tetrachloride

(Tetrachloroethane) CCl4

76.7

170.06

Chlorine

-34.4

-29.92

Chlorobenzene

131.7

269.06

Chlorodifluoromethane 

refrigerant R-22

-41.2

-42.16

Dichlorodifluoromethane 

refrigerant R-12

-29.8

-21.64

Diethyl ether

34.4

93.92

Diisobutyl

109

228.2

Diisopropyl ether

68.4

155.12

Dimethyl sulfate

186

366.8

Dimethyl sulfide

37.3

99.14

Dimethylbutane

(2,3 – Dimethylbutane)

58

136.4

Ethane

-88.78

-127.804

Ethane C2H6

-88

-126.4

Ethanol

78.24

172.832

Ether

34.6

94.28

Ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H3

77.2

170.96

Ethyl bromide C2H3Br

38.4

101.12

Ethylamine

16.6

61.88

Ethylbenzene

136

276.8

Ethylene

-103.7

-154.66

Fluorine

−188.11

370.6

Methanol

64.7

148.5

Nitrogen

-195.8

-320.4

Phosgene

8.3

46.94

Phosphoric Acid

213

415.4

Propanal

48

118.4

Propane

-42.04

-43.672

Propanol (2-Propanol)

82.2

179.96

Propene

-47.72

-53.896

Propionic acid

141

285.8

Propylamine

47.2

116.96

Propylene

-47.7

-53.86

Propylene glycol

187

368.6

Saturated brine

108

226.4

Styrene

145

293

Sulfur dichloride

59.6

139.28

Sulfur Dioxide

-10

14

Sulfuric Acid

330

626

Sulfuryl chloride

69.4

156.92

Toluene

110.6

231.08

Triptane

80.9

177.62

Water

100

212

Water, sea

100.7

213.26

Xenon

−108.099

226.6

Boiling points of elements

Element

Atomic Number

Boiling point °C

Boiling point °F

Ac

89

1047

3197

Ag

47

961.93

2212

Al

13

660.37

2467

Am

95

1172

2607

Ar

18

-189.37

-185.86

As

33

817 (under pressure)

616 (sublimes)

At

85

302

337

Au

79

1064.43

2807

B

5

2300

3658

Ba

56

729

1637

Be

4

1278

2970

Bi

83

271.3

1610

Br

35

-7.3

58.78

C

6

3527

4827
(sublimes)

Ca

20

839

1484

Cd

48

320.9

765

Ce

58

799

3426

Cl

17

-100.98

-33.97

Co

27

1495

2870

Cr

24

1857

2672

Cs

55

28.40

678.4

Cu

29

1083.4

2567

Dy

66

1412

2562

Er

68

1529

2863

Eu

63

822

1597

F

9

-219.62

-188.14

Fe

26

1535

2750

Fr

87

27

677

Ga

31

29.78

2403

Gd

64

1313

3266

Ge

32

937.4

2830

H

1

-259.14

-252.87

He

2

-272.20 (under pressure)

-268.934

Hf

72

2230

5197

Hg

80

-38.87

356.58

Ho

67

1474

2695

I

53

113.5

184.35

In

49

156.17

2080

Ir

77

2410

4130

K

19

63.65

774

Kr

36

-156.6

-152.30

La

57

921

3457

Li

3

180.54

1347

Lu

71

1663

3395

Mg

12

648.8

1090

Mn

25

1244

1962

Mo

42

2617

4612

N

7

-209.86

-195.8

Na

11

97.81

882.9

Nb

41

2468

4742

Nd

60

1021

3068

Ne

10

-248.67

-246.05

Ni

28

1453

2732

Np

93

640

3902

O

8

-218.4

-182.96

Os

76

3054

5027

P

15

44.1 (white)
410 (red, under pressure)

280 (white)

Pa

91

1840

4027

Pb

82

327.50

1740

Pd

46

1552

3140

Pm

61

1168

ca. 2727

Po

84

254

962

Pr

59

931

3512

Pt

78

1772

3827

Pu

94

641

3232

Ra

88

700

1140

Rb

37

39.0

688

Re

75

3180

5627

Rh

45

1966

3727

Rn

86

-71

-61.8

Ru

44

2310

3900

S

16

113 (α)
119 (b)
106.8 (g)

444.67

Sb

51

630.74

1635

Sc

21

1541

2831

Se

34

217

684.9

Si

14

1410

2355

Sm

62

1077

1791

Sn

50

231.97

2270

Sr

38

769

1384

Ta

73

2996

5425

Tb

65

1356

3123

Tc

43

2172

4877

Te

52

449.5

989.8

Th

90

1750

4787

Ti

22

1660

3287

Tl

81

303.5

1457

Tm

69

1545

1947

U

92

1132.3

3745

V

23

1887

3377

W

74

3407

5657

Xe

54

-111.9

-107.1

Y

39

1522

3338

Yb

70

824

1193

Zn

30

419.58

907

Zr

40

1852

4377

Note: The boiling points listed above are all under standard atmospheric pressure.

Boiling Point: FAQs

1. What is the boiling point?

The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which its vapor pressure equals the pressure exerted on it by the surrounding atmosphere. At this temperature, the liquid changes into a gas throughout the bulk of the liquid.

2. How is boiling point determined?

The boiling point is affected by the pressure of the surrounding atmosphere. As atmospheric pressure changes, so does the boiling point of a substance. Generally, higher pressure increases the boiling point, while lower pressure decreases it.

3. Why do different substances have different boiling points?

Boiling points vary based on the strength of intermolecular forces within substances. Stronger intermolecular forces generally result in higher boiling points because more energy is required to break those bonds and convert the substance into a gas.

4. How is boiling point used in everyday life?

Boiling points are crucial in cooking to determine the required temperature to cook various foods properly. In laboratories, boiling points help identify and purify substances through techniques like distillation.

5. What factors can affect boiling points?

Besides atmospheric pressure and intermolecular forces, purity, altitude, and dissolved substances can influence boiling points. Impurities often elevate the boiling point, while dissolved substances might lower it.

6. Why is the boiling point of water important?

The boiling point of water at 100°C (212°F) at standard atmospheric pressure is crucial for various everyday tasks like cooking, sterilization, and determining the altitude of a location.

About the author

Chin Trento

Chin Trento holds a bachelor’s degree in applied chemistry from the University of Illinois. His educational background gives him a broad base from which to approach many topics. He has been working with writing advanced materials for over four years in Stanford Advanced Materials (SAM). His main purpose in writing these articles is to provide a free, yet quality resource for readers. He welcomes feedback on typos, errors, or differences in opinion that readers come across.

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