There are about 8 million chemicals in the world, of which more than 70,000 are commonly used, and thousands of new chemicals are produced every year. There are many toxic chemicals in a wide variety of chemicals, which can be harmful to the human body in the process of production, use, storage, and transportation, causing catastrophic accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to master the basic knowledge about the harm of toxic chemicals.
Metal and metalloid
Common metals and metalloids are lead, mercury, manganese, nickel, beryllium, arsenic, phosphorus, and their compounds.
Irritant gas
It refers to a gas that irritates the eyes and the respiratory tract, which is a toxic gas often encountered in the chemical industry. There are many kinds of irritating gases, the most common ones are chlorine, ammonia, nitrogen oxides, photogas, hydrogen fluoride, sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide and dimethyl sulfate.
Asphyxiating gas
It is a toxic gas that can cause oxygen deprivation in the body. Asphyxiating gas can be divided into pure asphyxiation gas, blood asphyxiation gas and cell asphyxiation gas, such as nitrogen, methane, ethane, ethylene, carbon monoxide, nitrobenzene, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, etc.
Pesticide
Pesticides include insecticides, fungicides, acaricide, herbicides, etc. The use of pesticides plays an important role in the production of crops, but the failure to take effective preventive measures in the process of production, transportation, use, and storage can lead to poisoning.
Organic compound
Most organic compounds are toxic and harmful, such as xylene, carbon disulfide, gasoline, methanol, acetone, etc.
Macromolecular compound
Macromolecules themselves are not toxic or toxic, but they can release free monomers in the process of processing and use. Phenol and formaldehyde, for example, are stimulated by the heat release of phenolic resin. Certain macromolecules are more highly toxic due to heat and oxidation. The polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) plastics are subjected to high thermal decomposition of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and octane, which can cause chemical pneumonia or pulmonary edema after inhalation.
